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This page last updated January 6, 2024 |
Below is a ridiculously comprehensive guide of German traffic signs, signals, and markings. This guide is designed for both the short-term tourists wanting to learn German traffic signs in preparation for a trip as well as for those who are studying to get a German or US military driver's license. These pages may also be of interest to road and sign aficionados (yes, that's a thing!)
Because of the volume of information here, this topic is divided into two pages.
On these pages:
PAGE 1
PAGE 2
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ADVERTISEMENT |
SIGNS
Germany has a comprehensive and uniform traffic sign system based on the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, which is used throughout Europe. All signs have standard shapes and colors and use easy-to-understand international pictograms and symbols. The sign system had a complete overhaul in the early '90s to more closely conform with European standards and modernize the pictograms, and is updated every few years to address changing needs, new laws, and any shortcomings.
Below, you will find a complete guide of German traffic signs with their official meaning and additional notes. These signs are from the official German traffic code and include all updates through 2022.
While the German sign system is standardized, there are many cases of unsanctioned, experimental, or non-standard signs in use. I have included some of the most common of these.
Sign categories and numbers
Officially, German traffic signs are divided into four major categories: warning
signs, regulation signs, guide signs, and supplemental signs.
However, I have divided the sign collection into several more distinct categories and
placed each sign where it most logically belongs regardless of its official
designation.
In the German traffic code and sign catalog, all signs are assigned an official number. This number is used on traffic tickets and accident reports when a sign is involved. I have put the official sign number in the alternate text tag for each image. Unfortunately, there's not an easy way to see that anymore (you used to be able to hover your mouse over an image to see it, but that doesn't seem to work with most modern browsers), so if you need that number, you'll have to research how to extract it with your browser of choice.
Welcome to the Schilderwald
In recent years, the German government has been trying to reduce the
number of traffic signs in use to combat what many believe is an
overuse of signs resulting in a "sign forest" (Schilderwald). This
has led to the removal of some signs from the official catalog and a
changing of recommendations on signing applications. In practice,
however, the impact of these changes has thus far been limited, and in some
cases, has had a paradoxical effect of actually increasing signage.
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These pages include changes made to the traffic sign catalog through 2020. Signs marked as "obsolete" are being phased-out. |
Vehicle class symbols
Traffic signs in Germany employ a set of standard symbols to indicate the type or class of vehicle being referred to on the sign, especially for regulatory signs. Some of the symbols are hierarchical in that they also include other classes. For example, when a traffic sign shows the symbol below for "motor vehicles", which is the silhouette of the front of a car, the sign actually applies not only to cars, but also trucks, motor homes, buses, vehicles with trailers, and slow-moving vehicles.
The following table describes these symbols, their meanings, and included subclasses:
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Motor vehicles Includes all multi-track (i.e three or more wheels) motor vehicles except motorcycles with sidecars. |
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Passenger vehicles Includes vehicles intended to carry up to nine passengers, which generally includes all cars, vans, motor homes, and light trucks. These are often referred to in German as a "Pkw" or "PKW" (short for "Personenkraftwagen".) |
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Vehicles over 3.5t Includes all vehicles with a permitted gross weight over 3.5 tonnes, their trailers, and any other vehicle that does not qualify as a passenger vehicle; it specifically does not include buses. These are often referred to in German as an "Lkw" or "LKW" (short for "Lastkraftwagen".) |
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Motorcycles Includes single-track vehicles such as motorcycles (including motorcycles with sidecars) and mopeds. It specifically does not include bicycles with assist motors or scooters. |
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The following are the other vehicle class symbols:
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| Mopeds | Bicycles | Cargo bicycles |
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| Electric vehicles (with "E" license plate) |
Electric bicycles | Small electric vehicles |
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| Passenger vehicles with trailers | Vehicles over 3.5t with trailers | Buses | Motor homes |
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| Cattle/ |
Equestrian riders | Horse-drawn vehicles | Pedestrians |
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| Streetcars/ |
Rail vehicles | Slow-moving vehicles
Includes vehicles that cannot exceed 25 km/h |
Tracked military vehicles |
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| Vehicles with marked hazardous cargo | Vehicles carrying more than 3000 liters of water-pollutants | |||
Supplemental signs
The German sign system uses a fair amount of "supplemental signs" (Zusatzschild). These are black and white rectangular signs mounted below (or occasionally above) a parent sign, which are used to modify or give additional information or context regarding the condition shown on the parent sign such as exemptions, restrictions, or more specific details. Supplemental signs use symbols wherever possible, but most supplemental signs use words. To help you decipher these signs, a complete vocabulary list is provided at the end of the signs section on page 2.
Because of the large number of supplemental signs, only a selection of them are shown on these pages, especially ones that are fairly common or ones that use symbols.
Interpretation of multiple signs
Be aware that when there is more than one supplemental sign for a single
parent sign, the consolidated meaning can vary depending on the
individual signs, and many times, there can be multiple logical
interpretations. Typically, the lowest supplemental sign only applies
to the one immediately above it, but there are cases when multiple
supplemental signs are intended to have a combined message. Because of
the infinite possible combinations, it's impossible to give an absolute
rule; you'll need to use your best judgment. While there are official
standards and guidelines for the design of these signs to improve their
comprehension, it's not always followed or interpreted correctly, and
local authorities have been known to try different combinations or
non-standard signs to see what works. The results can be confusing even
for experienced German drivers, and there have been many court cases
challenging or establishing the "correct" interpretation of these signs.
Distance signs
One of the most common uses for supplemental signs is for distances. There
are two such signs — the distance
to the parent sign's condition, and the duration of
the condition:
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| Distance to the condition shown on the parent sign | Duration (length) of the condition shown on the parent sign |
Here are some examples to better illustrate the difference between the two types of distance signs:
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| Traffic signals 200 meters ahead | Rough road next 800 meters | Autobahn ends 2 km ahead | No passing next 3 km |
Two additional distance-related signs were added to the sign inventory in 2017:
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| Remaining duration (length) of the condition shown on the parent sign | Duration (length) of the condition shown on the parent sign
This is used only for certain regulatory signs that do not have a cancellation sign. |
Signs for days and times
Day and time restrictions are also a common use for supplemental signs.
Note that times shown on signs use the 24 hour clock, and days of the
week are typically shown as two-letter abbreviations. Here are some
examples:
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| Speed limit 30 from 8 am to 4 pm | No motor vehicles allowed workdays (Monday through Saturday) from 8:30 am to 11:30 am and 4 pm to 6 pm | Bus lane in effect from 6 am to 6 pm Monday through Friday | No stopping due to street cleaning on 23 July from 4 pm to 6 pm |
Warning signs
This section contains signs that give advance warning of hazards on or near the road. The standard shape for warning signs in Germany is a red triangle.
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General danger
This sign marks an area where extra caution should be used. It is
rarely used by itself; instead, a supplemental sign is usually mounted
beneath this sign with information on a specific hazard for which no
individual sign exists. Some examples of the more common
combinations are below. |
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Soft shoulders
Do not drive on the shoulder. |
Accident hazard
Marks an area where a high number of accidents have occurred. |
Sliding danger
Used to warn of a downhill section with strong side winds that may cause a vehicle pulling a trailer to lose control. |
Winter sports along road
Watch for people on the road and be aware that the road may not be salted or sanded. |
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Road damage
Watch for potholes or other damage to the pavement. |
Construction exit
Watch for construction vehicles entering the road as well as dirt, mud, or rocks on the road. |
Lane ruts
Steer firmly and avoid sudden lane changes. |
Oil on road
Reduce speed and do not brake suddenly. |
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Soft shoulder
(Obsolete)
Avoid driving on the shoulder. |
Soft shoulder
(Obsolete)
The shoulder will not support heavy vehicles. |
Rough road edge
(Obsolete)
There is a rough drop-off along the edge of the road. |
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Curve (left)
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Curve (right)
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Double curve
First curve is to the left.
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Double curve
First curve is to the right.
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The following signs may have a fluorescent yellow background when used in work zones.
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Lane shift (left)
All lanes shift to the left.
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Lane shift (right)
All lanes shift to the right.
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Lane crossover (left)
All lanes cross over the median to the left.
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Lane crossover (right)
All lanes cross over the median to the right.
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Lane split
Left lane(s) crosses over to left side of the median; right lane(s) remains on right side of the median.
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Lane split/return
Lanes to the left of the median shift to the right and/or return to right side of the median.
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Road shift
Traffic is shifted briefly to the left/right, then back again.
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Shift to shoulder
One lane shifts to the right shoulder.
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Steep upgrade
The degree of the ascent is shown.
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Steep downgrade
The degree of the decent is shown. Prepare to downshift.
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Falling rocks
Watch out for rocks on the road, and do not stop or park.
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Tree overhang
Drivers of trucks and other high-profile vehicles should beware of low trees.
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Strong cross wind
Prepare to adjust steering as necessary, and avoid overtaking.
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Beware of ice/snow
The road or bridge ahead freezes easily. (Applicable during cold weather.)
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Slippery when wet or dirty
Avoid sudden braking, accelerating, or steering.
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Traffic signals ahead
Be prepared to stop.
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Drawbridge
Be prepared to stop.
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Quay/riverbank
There is an unguarded quay, riverbank, or landing ahead or alongside the road.
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Road work
Watch for workers, machinery, dirt, or mud on the roadway.
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Rough road
Reduce speed and be prepared to adjust steering.
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Loose gravel
Avoid sudden braking, accelerating, or steering.
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Pedestrians
Marks a general area where pedestrians may be on or near the road.
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Pedestrian crossing ahead
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Pedestrian crossing
Marks a crosswalk and indicates that pedestrians have the right-of-way.
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Watch for children
Posted near schools and playgrounds. Reduce speed and be prepared to stop quickly.
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School crossing
Reduce speed and watch for children.
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Kindergarten zone
Reduce speed and watch for children.
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School zone
Indicates a reduced speed limit near a school during the times shown.
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School crossing guards
Marks a crosswalk where crossing guards may direct traffic.
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Wild animal crossing
Be prepared to stop or swerve suddenly and use low-beam headlights.
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Domestic animal crossing
Watch for animals and mud on the road.
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Frog crossing
The road ahead is used by migrating frogs and may be slippery.
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Horse crossing
Watch for horses crossing the road.
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Congestion hazard
Marks an area where congestion frequently occurs. Be prepared to slow down or stop.
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Bicycle crossing
Watch for bicyclists crossing the road.
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Buses
(Obsolete)
Watch for buses entering, leaving, or crossing the road.
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Low-flying aircraft
Be prepared for sudden noise and, at night, for the glare of landing lights.
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Two-way traffic
Generally posted where oncoming traffic is unexpected,
such as when coming from a one-way street to a two-way street.
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Road narrows
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Road narrows
(left side) |
Road narrows
(right side) |
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Lane allocation
The number of lanes in each direction is shown.
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Left lane ends
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Right lane ends
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Right lane(s) exits
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Lane added (left)
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Lane added (right)
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Lane(s) added from the right
One or two lanes are added from another roadway to the right
side of your roadway; there is no merging required.
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Lanes added to another roadway
The lanes from your roadway are added to another roadway; you will not have to merge.
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Zipper merge ahead
A lane is closed ahead. Vehicles should continue in both
lanes and use the "zipper" merge
(Reißverschluss) where the lane ends.
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Stagger formation
This sign marks an area such as a construction zone
where there is a very narrow left lane.
Trucks should use the right lane, and vehicles in both
lanes should stagger themselves and not overtake.
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Railway crossing signs
This section shows all signs related to railway level crossings.
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Railway crossing ahead
This sign formerly indicated an unguarded railway
crossing ahead. However, as of late 2009,
it is now used to warn of all railway crossings.
You may not overtake between this sign and the crossing.
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Guarded railway crossing ahead
(Obsolete)
This sign formerly indicated a railway crossing with
barriers or half-barriers ahead. It has been officially
phased-out as of 2022, but a few installations may remain.
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Railway crossing on crossroad
There is a railway crossing in close proximity when
turning left or right as indicated at the next intersection.
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Railway crossing approx. 240 meters ahead
These countdown markers are located on the left and right sides of
the road respectively and indicate that the crossing is about 240 meters ahead.
A different distance may be shown on the marker if applicable.
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Approx. 160 meters to railway crossing
A different distance may be shown on the sign if applicable.
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Approx. 80 meters to railway crossing
A different distance may be shown on the sign if applicable.
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Railway crossing (St. Andrew's cross)
Posted at the crossing. You must stop here if a train is approaching.
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Electrified railway crossing
This railway crossing has electrical wires overhead. High profile vehicles should exercise caution.
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Railway crossing signal
This is the standard railway crossing signal in Germany.
Yellow indicates a train is approaching — stop if possible.
Red means you must stop and remain stopped until the signal turns off.
If there are barriers, they will lower shortly after the signal changes to red.
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Railway crossing flasher
(Obsolete)
This was the former railway crossing signal in West Germany and has officially been replaced by the signal at the left, but a few installations may still remain. You must stop when the red signal flashes.
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Railway crossing flasher
(Obsolete)
This was the former railway crossing signal in East Germany and has officially been replaced by the signal at the far left, but a few installations may still remain. You must stop when the red signal flashes.
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ADVERTISEMENT |
Right-of-way signs
This section shows signs related to right-of-way assignment.
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Priority road
You have the right-of-way at all intersections on this road
until cancelled by a "Yield", "Stop", or "End of priority road" sign.
Outside of urban areas, parking is prohibited on this road.
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End of priority road
You must yield at all subsequent intersections.
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Priority
You have the right-of-way at the next intersection only.
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Yield
You must give way to traffic on the intersecting road.
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Stop
You must come to a complete stop and give way to traffic on the intersecting road.
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Priority road turns (left)
The priority road (wide black line) turns left in the intersection.
The other lines represent other streets at this intersection.
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Priority road turns (right)
The priority road (wide black line) turns right in the intersection.
The other lines represent other streets at this intersection.
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Yield to priority road
The priority road (wide black line) turns in the intersection.
You must yield to traffic following or leaving the priority road
coming from the left or approaching from straight ahead.
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Yield to priority road
The priority road (wide black line) turns in the intersection.
You must yield to traffic following or leaving the priority road
coming from the right or approaching from straight ahead.
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Stop and yield to priority road
The same rules as "yield to priority road" above apply, but you must come to a complete stop first.
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Stop and yield to priority road
The same rules as "yield to priority road" above apply, but you must come to a complete stop first.
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Yield to roundabout
Traffic in the roundabout has the right-of-way.
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Yield and watch for bicycles
You must yield to all intersecting traffic, including traffic
on the bicycle path approaching from both directions.
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Yield to streetcars/
You must yield the right-of-way to streetcars/ |
Stop ahead
There is a stop sign 100 meters ahead.
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Uncontrolled intersection ahead
The next intersection has no signed right-of-way, so you must
yield to traffic approaching the intersection from the right.
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Priority over oncoming traffic
You have the right-of-way over oncoming traffic
on the narrow roadway ahead.
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Yield to oncoming traffic
You must give way to oncoming traffic approaching
on the narrow roadway ahead.
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Speed limit signs
Below are the various signs related to speed limits.
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Maximum speed limit
Shown in kilometers per hour.
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Maximum speed limit
The speed limit has been lowered to reduce noise pollution.
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Conditional speed limit
The speed limit shown is only in effect when the road is wet.
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Conditional speed limit
The bottom speed limit shown is applicable for the indicated vehicle type
(e.g. vehicles over 3.5t.); the top sign applies to all other vehicles.
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Contextual speed limit
The speed limit shown is in effect from this point until the
condition or hazard shown on the parent sign is passed.
If no additional speed limit sign is posted at that point,
you can then return to the statutory speed limit.
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Speed limit zone
This sign is posted at the entrances to a neighborhood where
the speed limit shown applies to all streets beyond this sign until
the "End of speed limit zone" sign is reached.
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Minimum speed limit
Shown in km/h. You must travel at this speed or faster unless road,
weather, or traffic conditions make it necessary to drive slower.
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Advisory speed limit
(Obsolete)
Shown in km/h. Indicates the recommended speed limit for good road, weather, and traffic conditions.
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End of speed limit
The statutory speed limit now applies.
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End of speed limit zone
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End of minimum speed limit
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End of advisory speed limit
(Obsolete)
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Maximum speed limit by lane
The speed limit(s) shown applies to the indicated lane(s).
The statutory speed limit applies to any lanes without an explicit speed limit.
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End of maximum speed limit by lane
The statutory speed limit now applies to all lanes.
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Minimum speed limit by lane
A new lane is added ahead, and the minimum speed limit(s) shown applies to
the indicated lane(s).
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Minimum speed limit by lane
The minimum speed limit(s) shown apply to the indicated lane(s).
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End of minimum speed limit by lane
These signs also typically indicate a lane ending.
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ADVERTISEMENT |
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Regulatory signs
This section contains signs that indicate various traffic regulations. In Germany, the standard shape for most regulatory signs is a circle. A red circle (ring) indicates a prohibition or maximum condition, while a blue circle (disc) indicates a requirement or minimum condition. A blue square or rectangle is used for signs denoting special regulations.
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No passing (overtaking)
You may not overtake other vehicles except bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles.
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No passing for vehicles over 3.5t
Vehicles with a permitted gross weight over 3.5 tonnes are
not allowed to overtake any other vehicle except bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles.
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No passing of single-track vehicles
Multi-track motor vehicles are prohibited from passing
single-track vehicles (i.e. bicycles, mopeds, etc.)
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Conditional no passing
Passing of tractors and other designated slow-moving vehicles is permitted.
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Conditional no passing
The no passing restriction applies only to vehicles with
a permitted gross weight over 3.5 tonnes, buses,
and any vehicle pulling a trailer.
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Conditional no passing
The no passing restriction is in effect only between
8-11 am and 4-6 pm, and applies only to vehicles
with a permitted gross weight over 3.5 tonnes, buses,
and any vehicle pulling a trailer.
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End of no passing zone
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End of no passing zone for vehicles over 3.5t
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End of no passing of single-track vehicles
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End of all restrictions
This sign cancels all previous posted speed limit and passing restrictions. The statutory speed limit applies.
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All vehicles prohibited
A supplemental sign indicating exceptions to this prohibition often accompanies this sign.
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Residents only
This roadway may only be used by local residents and visitors.
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Play street
Marks a street where vehicles are prohibited and children are allowed to play in the roadway.
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Motor vehicles prohibited
Applies to all motor vehicles except motorcycles and mopeds.
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Vehicles over 3.5t prohibited
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Vehicles over 7.5t prohibited
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Through vehicles over 3.5t prohibited
Local deliveries allowed.
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Vehicles over 3.5t prohibited from left lane(s)
Vehicles over 3.5t are prohibited from the lanes shown and for the distance shown.
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Bicycles prohibited
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Mopeds prohibited
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Motorcycles and mopeds prohibited
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Multiple prohibition
All motor vehicles, including motorcycles and mopeds, are prohibited.
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Passenger vehicles prohibited
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Passenger vehicles with trailers prohibited
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Vehicles over 3.5t with trailers prohibited
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Buses prohibited
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Horses prohibited
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Horse-drawn vehicles prohibited
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Slow-moving vehicles prohibited
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Cattle prohibited
Farmers are prohibited from herding their cattle on this roadway.
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Hazardous cargo prohibited
Vehicles transporting marked hazardous materials are prohibited.
A lettered supplemental sign may be present and indicates the
specific class of hazardous cargo that is prohibited.
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Water polluting cargo prohibited
Vehicles transporting more than 3000 liters of water-pollutants are prohibited.
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Pedestrians prohibited
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Weight limit
Vehicles with an actual composite weight exceeding
the indicated limit are prohibited.
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Axle weight limit
Vehicles exceeding the indicated weight on any axle are prohibited.
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Minimum following distance
Vehicles with a permitted gross weight exceeding 3.5 tonnes
are required to maintain the indicated minimum following distance.
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Vertical clearance
Vehicles, including loads, higher than the indicated height are prohibited.
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Horizontal clearance
Vehicles, including loads, wider than the indicated width are prohibited.
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Length restriction
Vehicles, including loads, longer than the indicated length are prohibited.
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Lane crossover with width restriction
All lanes cross over the median and the width restriction shown is in effect for the indicated lane(s).
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Lane shift with width restriction
All lanes shift and the width restriction shown is in effect for the indicated lane(s).
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Low emissions restriction zone
("Green zone" or "Environmental zone") Only vehicles displaying
the indicated emissions inspection sticker shown on the supplemental sign are permitted.
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End of low emissions restriction zone
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Diesel vehicles prohibited
Diesel vehicles with the indicated EU rating or lower are
prohibited except for local residents, visitors, and deliveries.
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Do not enter
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One way street
Traffic on this street must travel in the direction of the arrow.
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One way street
Bicycles are exempted and may travel in either direction.
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One way street
(Obsolete)
The street you are on is one way.
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must continue straight ahead (i.e. no turns.)
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must turn left.
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must turn right.
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must turn either left or right.
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must continue straight ahead or turn left (i.e. no right turn.)
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must continue straight ahead or turn right (i.e. no left turn.)
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Roundabout
All traffic must travel counter-clockwise around the center island, may not drive on the center island (unless vehicle size makes that impossible), and may not stop in the roundabout.
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No U-turn
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must turn left here.
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Mandatory direction of travel
All traffic must turn right here.
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Pass by on left
All traffic must pass the obstacle on the left side (i.e. keep left.)
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Pass by on right
All traffic must pass the obstacle on the right side (i.e. keep right.)
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Shoulder open to traffic
The right-hand shoulder of this roadway can be used as a traffic lane.
This is sign is only shown when applicable, which is generally only during
periods of congestion to provide additional short-term capacity.
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Shoulder lane ends
If you are in the shoulder traffic lane, you must merge to the left immediately.
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End of shoulder lane
Do not drive on the shoulder past this point.
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Pedestrian path
Pedestrians only.
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Pedestrian zone
Marks the entrance to an area reserved for pedestrians.
All streets beyond this sign are included until the "End of pedestrian zone" sign is reached.
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End of pedestrian zone
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Bicycle path or lane
Bicycles only. Bicyclists must use this path or lane instead of the roadway.
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Bicycle path or lane
Mopeds also allowed.
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Bicycle street
Marks the entrance to a street designated for bicycles and where "bicycle street" rules apply.
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Bicycle street
Motor vehicles allowed.
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Bicycle street
Motor vehicles allowed from opposite direction (i.e. motor vehicles may not enter here.)
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Bicycle street
Inline/roller skating in the street is allowed.
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End of bicycle street
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Bicycle zone
Marks the entrance to an area reserved for bicycles and where "bicycle street" rules apply. All streets beyond this sign are included until the "End of bicycle zone" sign is reached.
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Bicycle zone
Motor vehicles allowed.
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End of bicycle zone
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Bicycle highway
Marks a long-distance bicycle-only road.
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End of bicycle highway
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Pedestrian & bicycle path
Combined pedestrian and cycle path. Both can use the entire pathway.
Cyclists do not have right-of-way, but pedestrians must allow cyclists to pass.
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Pedestrian & bicycle path
Divided pedestrian and cycle path. Pedestrians and cyclists
must keep to the side of the path indicated by the sign.
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Bridle path
Horses only.
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Snow chains or tires required
A speed limit of 50 km/h applies. Shown only when applicable.
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Bus lane
All other vehicles prohibited.
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Bus lane
Electric vehicles with "E" license plates and taxis are also allowed to use the lane.
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Bus lane
Carpools with 3 or more passengers also allowed.
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Bus lane
This sign shows which lane is reserved for buses.
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Traffic calming zone
Marks the beginning of an area where traffic calming rules apply.
All streets beyond this sign are included until the "End of traffic calming zone" sign is reached.
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End of traffic calming zone
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Tunnel
Posted at the entrance to a tunnel and may also show the name of the tunnel.
Drivers must turn on their low-beam headlights. U-turns are prohibited,
and accidents or breakdowns must be moved to a designated emergency wayside.
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Tunnel
Also shows the length of the tunnel.
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Emergency wayside
Marks a roadside bay for stopping in case of an emergency or breakdown; all other use is prohibited.
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Autobahn entrance
Posted on Autobahn entrance ramps and indicates that Autobahn traffic regulations begin.
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Expressway entrance
Motor vehicles only.
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End of Autobahn
Located on Autobahn exit ramps and indicates that Autobahn traffic regulations end.
This sign may also be used on the main Autobahn roadway to warn that the Autobahn ends ahead.
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End of expressway
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